Tag Archives: drug treatment

Marshall Field Was Wrong

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The whole ethos of treatment shifted: customer service means saying things along the lines of “I’m sorry for your inconvenience, let’s see if we can fix that for you.” The therapeutic intervention is more like, “I see that you’re angry, let’s see if we can figure out what that reaction is about and also see if we can solve this problem.” The differences are crucial and multi-layered, and I don’t think non-clinicians (in many cases, policy makers) understand the differences. Therefore, managers were habitually striking impromptu bargains with family members, overruling clinical staff that had diligently counseled families about the importance of their participation. Invoking the flexibility mantra, a Saturday floor manager would grant full visiting to a parent that had missed required activities, and who had cited work or other supposedly unforeseeable conflicts. The activities stopped being required, in effect. Meanwhile, the only conflicts in these scenarios were the ones being habitually avoided. These parents that maneuvered their way around program structure: they had impassively heard the rules and structure outlined upon admission; they knew from experience how to maneuver within systems. They’d been doing it for years with schools, social services, employers and drug courts. They promised compliance up front but reserved their resistance for later times, when loop holes in the system had been cunningly assessed.

Claiming that which had been promised by case managers, who were often not around during visiting times, the splitting ruses started working and as a result, patterns of manipulation were reinforced. Flexibility indeed. The team approach was fostering increased instances of splitting, team fragmentation. The solution to this problem was to ignore it, and before long the term splitting seemed to become archaic; shuffled off to a TC concepts museum alongside benches, dusty hospital scrub shirts, image breakers and old man Bobby’s suspenders. If nearby the case managers might have intervened with the visiting day arguments, but increasingly they weren’t available for these kinds of situations either. The availability of case managers, to collateral contacts, to the electronic pull of computer screens, and not the kids in the program was of supreme importance, meaning therapists were sometimes even missing group therapy sessions in order to complete documents, or to meet with collateral contacts who sometimes visited the facility without bothering to make appointments. I’d never been asked to compromise my direct duties to clients—certainly not spontaneously—when I was a case manager. Some kids, meanwhile, complained that they were hardly getting to speak to their therapists. Were they customers? Clients? Consumers? Patients? Kids? I wasn’t sure what to call them any more.

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Working Through Rehab: Growing out of it

 

In Masterson’s The Psychiatric Dilemma of Adolescence, published in 1967, the problem of treating kids in the psychiatric setting is exhaustively examined. Noting the tendency of clinicians to dismiss diagnoses of clients, saying “he or she will grow out of it”, in reference to a plethora of acting out and mental health problems. Meanwhile, Masterson recounts that social scientists in the 60s were attempting to organize the phenomena they studied, rather like researchers of the physical sciences, and thus methodology changed; so-called objective research, focusing upon variables like validity, reliability, and statistical analyses, were coming to the fore and changing the ways clinicians addressed problems. Masterson, however, grew conflicted about the differences between the social science methodological point of view, and his and others’ clinical observations.

Masterson found after his twelve year study, that 50% of the adolescents he studied did not “grow out of problems” upon five year follow-ups, and that while symptoms like anxiety, depression, and acting out (with sex, drugs, or violence) did diminish, but that which brought the most difficulty, in terms of sustaining meaningful relationships, activating healthy goals, ambitions, accessing creativity and self-care–their pathological character traits–had not been touched upon in treatment…at all.

As much as anything, my reflections in Working Through Rehab: An Inside Look at Adolescent Drug Treatment, are derived from Masterson’s implied warnings about the costs of a superficial treatment approach. I recall working with a young lady in my private practice–a late teen–who was supposedly drawn to relationships with boys “from the wrong side of the tracks”. Much thought, encouragement, argument, and time had been put into making her see reason, re-think her “choices”, and make “rational” decisions. The cognitive dissonance was pervasive: she wanted safety and “respect”, but was drawn to men inclined to hurt her. She wanted independence, but ended up feeling anything but. She was drawn to the bohemian, the pull of rebellion, and found separation in rejection of her family’s fears. Little did she know how conflicted she was with herself, not others, and how long the conflict would last if she did nothing about it. In my first novel, Living Without Blood, I presented the consequences for a family living by the rule, “time heals all wounds”. The Metcalfs  discover that time passage without conscious intrusion does little more than fossilize understandings, generating alienation.

In Working Through Rehab, I depict therapeutic environments that are either forgetting, actively disregarding, or plainly ignorant of Masterson’s now forty year old caveats. Programs working with kids are operating upon the assumption, “they’ll grow out of it”, seeking to emphasize kids’ positive traits in the hope that their deficits will fall away under the power of love. Or, they’ve taken a subtly defeatist tact, thinking the wounds are too great, the fossilization too hard and too widespread, such that the roots of problems are impenetrable.

Do you think this, my would-be reader? Are you a mental health practitioner? A consumer of services. Who are you that you might be interested in this topic? Who do you need to be? Who am I to make pronouncements on trends that flit in and out of fashion, some sticking, some not. Who do I need to be?

 

 

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August 13, 2013 · 8:57 pm

Working In Rehab: a numbers game

Check this out: Do you like numbers? Ok, here’s a few statistics: according to the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) report, as published online by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), almost 2 million people were admitted for substance abuse treatment in 2010 across the United States, and just over 2 million people were admitted for the same problem in 2009. These are the most recent years for which such statistics exist. The average number treated over the five years prior to this was between 1.8 and 1.9 million people per year, admitted to just over 13,000 facilities licensed or certified to treat individuals for substance abuse. According to the same data tables, between 7 and 8 percent of these admissions—again, on average—are kids. By kids, I mean ages 12-17, and most of these kids are between 15 and 17. That’s about 150,000 teens per year entering programs, in outpatient or inpatient settings—rehab, as the shorthand goes—for the treatment of substance abuse. And by the way, substance abuse is only one of many problems these kids have. This is the kind of information you’ll find in my forthcoming book about drug rehab and teens, due out soon–though, don’t be misled: my book won’t be dominated by numbers. In fact, you’ll see (I hope) that it takes a skeptical view in general of the application of numbers to my profession.

You see, my profession, that of a therapist, is about making a personal connection with people. I know that sounds like sanguine bullshit, but unlike the average entrepreneur, I’m not selling a product alongside a transient interaction that purports to represent commitment. I’m talking about a solid idea that’s quietly being marginalized in the business of mental health services: it’s the relationship(s) that heal. Not so, according to the larger systems in charge: hospitals, insurance companies; managed care. For them, it’s about “quantifiable” aims, that which can be tracked in terms of symptoms, so-called “scales”, tests of one sort or another. Go to a program, especially a hospital based program and you’ll hear the mantra: tests, tests, we must do tests. Later there will be estimates, both of prognosis, and of the money involved. It’s a reductionist process. Why? Because those paying say so, that’s why. They’ve even enlisted scientists to this cause. By scientists I mean researchers of mental health, people scrambling to publish studies whose findings will rubber stamp the proposed treatment approaches. The process here is tautological: find that which confirms efficacy of the pre-ordained standards. Make it understood that the most cost-effective approaches are the best. Proselytize use of those models that are the easiest to train to the growing numbers of fledgling professionals who are eager for jobs and at best secondarily concerned as to what they’re teaching.

How do I know people like me are looking for jobs? If you don’t believe me, believe a ph.d. Hey, that rhymes. In a report for the California department of Mental Health in 2009, John Shea indicated that positions for social workers, marriage and family therapists, and other counselors would grow by 22%, 21%, and 33% respectively (projected until 2016). His report indicated that over 22,000 people held MFT licenses at that time. That number now stands at over 33,000 according to department statistics. Whoa, that’s growth for you. I wonder if the jobs will run out. At what point does the Board of Behavioral Sciences start making its licensing exams harder to pass, thus titrating the numbers coming into the field. There. That’s a token for those who may wonder who I am to say what’s happening in the business of drug treatment. My question back: who do I need to be?

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